本文へ移動

 

文字サイズ

ホーム > お知らせ > 認知症サミット日本後継イベント > 最近の世界的な認知症施策の動きに関する資料とリンク

最近の世界的な認知症施策の動きに関する資料とリンク

Global action against dementia

パール宣言

　健康長寿はすべての人々の願いであり、医療や衛生、栄養の改善に国を挙げて取り組んできた結果、わが国は世界有数の長寿国となった。しかし、一方では認知症やがんなど、長く生きることで避けて通れない新たな疾病の増加に直面している。認知症は近い将来、高齢者の5人に1人が罹患する、誰もがかかる可能性のある病気である。認知症者を一人の“人”として尊重し、その人や家族の視点に立って、医療・介護、生活支援サービスを整備するとともに、認知症の人と共に暮らす共生社会の実現が今求められている。
　認知症はインフォーマルケアに要するコストを含めるとがん、循環器疾患などの他疾患よりはるかに多くの医療社会資源を必要とする。その有病率は中・低所得国を中心に世界的に増加しつつあり、医療・福祉システムに対する脅威となっている。少子高齢化社会において認知症患者数は必然的に増加するため、人手不足を補完する意味でも情報通信技術（ICT）やものづくり先端技術を医療介護の現場に導入することが望ましいが、そのための人材育成、仕組みづくりや法的整備が喫緊の課題となっている。
　今後、高齢化の最先端にあるわが国の経験と知の集積を、人材交流や相互協力体体制の構築を通して、認知症の増加が懸念されているアジア諸国と共有することが望まれる。

1．認知症の国際連携

　認知症の患者数は世界的に増加しており、全世界で現在4700万人の患者数が2050年には3倍に増加することが予測されている。これら認知症患者の6割は中・低所得地域で居住しており、高齢化にともなってアジア・アフリカ諸国での著しい増加が見込まれている。
　高齢化の最前線にあるわが国においても、認知症患者数が約500万人に達しており、認知症施策はわが国のヘルスケアに関する最大の脅威となっている。
　このため、2015年から認知症施策に関する新オレンジプランが発表され、介護保険制度の改革、市町村単位での認知症初期集中支援チームの設置、認知症疾患医療センターや地域包括支援センターなどの整備を通して認知症の地域包括ケアシステム構築が図られている。
　また、認知症に優しい地域社会の構築のために認知症サポーターの育成などの認知症に関する経験と知の集積の活用が図られている。
　認知症はわが国のみならず、今後20年間で認知症患者の爆発的増加が予測されているアジア諸国を含めたグローバルヘルスに対する脅威となっている。先進国を中心として認知症の病態理解のための研究や、新規治療薬の開発のための大規模レジストリーの構築が推進されている。こういった先端研究に加え、アジア諸国との認知症の医療介護に関する学術交流、人材育成を支援する研修事業の推進を通して、各国の認知症施策との情報交換を行い、相互理解の推進と協力体制の構築を図ることが望ましい。

2．認知症のひとへの地域支援

　独居や老々高齢世帯が増加している中で、認知症の人と家族の視点に立った相談窓口や生活支援が必要となっている。認知症に関して気軽に相談ができる認知症コールセンターの設置・普及を促進する。要介護者に対する介護保険制度による生活支援には一定の限界があり、地域住民などによるインフォーマルな買い物支援、通院支援などの需要の増加が見込まれる。
　また、認知症者の運転が禁止されている中で、地方では自動車が買い物、通院などの際の生活基盤になっている状況を勘案し、これに代わる代替手段を提供することが課題となっている。一部の地域ではポイント制や有償ボランティアなどの形で買い物、通院支援が提供されているが、認知症サポーターの登録による支援体制の確立、オンデマンドバスや行政が関与する形でのライドシェアや配食サービスの普及が望ましい。
　認知症の人の行方不明が問題となっているが、地域社会での見守りと家族への支援が基本である。認知症の人が道に迷った場合に、進んで声かけをするような地域社会の在り方が必要である。
　このためには、企業、学校、行政、自治会などで認知症に対する理解を進めるための認知症サポーター養成講座を定期開催し、認知症への理解を深めるための普及・啓発を図る。また、スーパーやコンビニ、宅配業者、金融機関など道に迷った人を発見する機会の多い企業と行政が見守り協定を締結し、発見した際の対応方法を共有する。認知症に優しい地域社会は健常高齢者にとっても優しい社会であることを理解する。
　一方、若年で認知症に罹患した場合、高齢発症認知症の場合と異なる側面がある。勤務の継続が困難となって家庭生活の維持にも支障が生じるとともに、まだ子弟の教育費のかかる年代でもあり経済的な破綻を生じやすい。また、同居家族も勤務を持っていることが多く介護離職につながりやすいため、若年性認知症者のための作業所や認知症カフェを地域で展開するなどの支援が重要である。

3．認知症の医療・産業連携

　わが国はICTやものづくり技術において世界的にみても最先端の位置づけにある。一方で、少子高齢化による若年世代の労働力不足は今後さらに深刻化していくことが予測され、認知症の人の生活支援や介護施設のスタッフ確保が困難となることが懸念される。
　このような状況の中でICTやものづくり先端技術が問題解決の一助になることが期待されており、医療特区や地域イノベーション推進機構などを中心として積極的な展開が図られている。具体的には、認知症の人の徘徊予防や早期発見のためのGPSの活用、買い物・通院支援のためのICTを活用した情報共有システム、要介護高齢者や軽度認知障害者に対する運転支援システム、施設入所者や介護スタッフに対する介護ロボットの導入、要介護者や認知症者に対するロボット技術を用いたケアなどが今後普及することが期待される。
　一方、これらの革新的技術を医療介護現場に導入する場合には、予測しない問題が生じやすいことから、十分な医工連携体制の確立が求められる。具体的には、先端技術が患者の尊厳や権利、個人情報の保護を侵すことのないような配慮が必要であり、事故やトラブルを回避・予防するための教育体制の整備や人材育成、事故発生時の賠償保険などのための法的整備が望まれる。

4．認知症の医療システム

　認知症医療においてはかかりつけ医がその中核に位置づけられるが、それを支援する認知症専門医には数に限りがあり、認知症サポート医の役割が求められている。認知症疾患医療センターには認知症診療の十分な経験を有する医師が配置され、認知症の専門診療ならびに研修教育事業を推進する。認知症疾患医療センターは3次医療圏を想定する基幹型、2次医療圏を想定する地域型があるが、今後、よりきめ細かい展開が可能となる診療所型認知症疾患医療センターの普及が望まれる。
認知症の早期診断、早期介入はいわゆる“治る認知症”の発見のほか、認知症の行動・心理症状の予防や認知症の長期予後の改善につながるために重要である。ICTを用いた認知症の早期診断システム、認知症連携パス、初期集中支援チームの活用による早期診断・治療体制の確立が望まれる。
　認知症診療は急性期医療と維持期医療を円滑に行き来することのできる循環型診療が必要であり、身体疾患合併の救急医療を担保する上でも、医療と介護のシームレスな連携を構築する。このため、認知症を合併した障害高齢者の専門診療を充実し、退院に際して介護老人保健施設を活用する。介護施設では介護力の不足が問題になっているが、元気高齢者の活用による介護助手などの方策も検討するべきである。
　認知症の人の増加に伴い他疾病の治療を入院して行う機会が増加しており、一般病院看護師や勤務医への認知症教育や認知症サポートチームの必要性が増えている。このため、中核となる認知症専門ナースなどの認知症ケア専門職の育成を推進することが望まれる。
　認知症の薬物療法には現状では一定の限界があり、非薬物療法の果たす役割が大きいため、その援用を推進する。根本治療薬の開発は今後の課題であり、抗アミロイドワクチン、抗タウワクチン、βセクレターゼ阻害剤などの開発が急がれている。認知症未発症者を対象とする治験や大規模レジストリーを基盤とする創薬の推進によって、早期介入による根本治療薬開発の可能性が期待されている。

5．認知症の介護システム

　認知症の人がその病期や病状に応じた最適な医療と介護をうけることのできるケアパスの確立が望まれる。そのためには、地域包括支援センターを中心にかかりつけ医、歯科医師、看護師、薬剤師、ケアマネージャー、介護士などの認知症に関わる全ての職種が相互に密接な連携をもつ必要があり、地域ケア会議を適宜開催して患者情報や地域の医療社会資源に関する多職種による情報交換を行う。
　認知症の人は病識が乏しく受診動機に乏しいことから、かかりつけ医、かかりつけ歯科医の役割は重要である。認知症の診療では、現行の薬物療法には限界があることから、介護予防や非薬物療法の役割が相対的に大きい。認知症短期集中リハビリテーションやデイケアの活用による作業療法、運動療法、音楽療法などを多職種協働で行う。
　認知症者の自動車運転は法律的に禁止されており、運転の中止指導を行い、必要に応じ任意届け出制度の利用も検討するが、並行して必要な生活支援に対して十分な配慮を行う。
　認知症者への詐欺や虐待が社会問題化している状況に鑑みて、成年後見制度の援用を検討する。

認知症サミット in Mie実行委員会(国立大学法人三重大学)

「国際保健のためのG7伊勢志摩ビジョン」G7 Ise-Shima Vision for Global Health

At the G7 Ise-Shima Summit, we, the G7 leaders, commit to take the following concrete actions for advancing global health.

1.Reinforcing the Global Health Architecture to strengthen responses to public health emergencies

1-1.  WHO reform for outbreaks and public health emergencies

  1. In addition to its wider reform agenda, urge and support the WHO to implement its reforms for outbreaks and health emergencies, in a timely manner, recognizing also its resource needs, with the understanding that the WHO should continue to play the central role in global public health crisis preparedness and response.
  2. Welcome the reform of the WHO including to, (i) establish one single approach for outbreaks and health emergencies, with one clear line of authority among all levels of WHO and ultimate accountability with the Director General as crystalized in the One WHO approach across three levels of the Organization, (ii) strengthen capacity and human resources at all levels, and (iii) install an independent mechanism to oversee and monitor the WHO’s performance on outbreaks and health emergencies.
  3. Recognize that an operationally robust and technically competent WHO is crucial for supporting countries in emergency preparedness, response and recovery and helping build resilient health systems.

1-2.   Funding mechanism to ensure prompt actions in public health emergencies

  1. Recognizing that WHO should play a key leading and coordinating role in the event of an outbreak, for prompt detection, containment and control of public health emergencies particularly in the early stage, call on the international community to support the Contingency Fund for Emergency (CFE) to enable swift initial response by the WHO.
  2. Welcome the World Bank’s formal announcement of launching the Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility (PEF) to support a surge response by governments, multilateral agencies and NGOs, and invite the international community including G7 members to extend technical support and financial contributions to this end.
  3. Also call upon relevant international organizations to ensure coordination among the PEF and their related funding mechanisms including the CFE.
  4. Urge all countries to improve their prevention and preparedness against outbreaks and incorporate measures for enhanced national health security over time.

1-3.  Coordination arrangement on global public health emergencies

  1. Invite the WHO and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) under UN Secretary General to review, strengthen and formalize coordination arrangement among the WHO, the UN and other relevant partners in global public health emergencies, while strengthening existing coordination systems including the Inter Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Cluster System led by OCHA, as envisioned by on-going processes including the final report of and UNSG response to UN High-Level Panel, World Humanitarian Summit and WHO governing body discussions.
  2. Invite the WHO and OCHA to update on the progress of these deliberations at the G7 Health Ministers Meeting in September 2016.

1-4. Strengthening of prevention and preparedness against public health emergencies

  1. Recognizing recent outbreaks of the Ebola and Zika viruses underscore the imperative to improve prevention of, detection of and response to public health emergencies, whether naturally occurring, deliberate or accidental, remain committed to advancing compliance with the WHO’s IHR objectives including through the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA).
  2. In this relation,
    (i)renew our support to a coordinated approach to offer concrete assistance to 76 countries and regions and support to these partners to develop national plans in close coordination with the WHO and other relevant organizations;
    (ii)recognizing the primary responsibility of countries to strengthen their IHR core capacities, intend to assist these partners to achieve the common and measurable targets of the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) tool published by the WHO and in partnership with other organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE);
    (iii)also commit to support, undergo, and share such evaluations with our partners, and call on other countries to join in this collective effort, recognizing that partner coordination is key for efficient IHR strengthening, and acknowledging the value of providing necessary information to new initiatives to share information, such as WHO’s Strategic Partnership Portal, while ensuring the information shared among the donors to be comparable and avoiding any fragmentation;
    (iv)in order to scale up the implementation of the IHR and in line with its implementation of the new Health Emergencies Program, encourage the WHO to consider building on already existing structures, such as the Department of Global Capacities Alert and Response and its Lyon office, and the emerging work of the Alliance for Country Assessment for Global Health Security; and
    (v)welcome the work of the Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction to strengthen capacities against biological threats.
  3. Recognize the importance of mobilizing financial resources of the relevant international organizations for strengthening preparedness for and prevention of pandemics, and look forward to discussing on the matter with those organizations, including the World Bank such as International Development Association.

2.Attaining UHC with strong health systems and better preparedness for public health emergencies

2-1. Coordination and support for health system strengthening toward UHC

2-1-1.International coordination framework for promoting UHC
  1. Emphasize the need for a strengthened international framework to coordinate and consolidate efforts toward the achievement of UHC under various fora/initiatives, including disease-specific efforts, as well as to leverage the expertise of all relevant stakeholders including CSOs.
  2. Therefore, support the establishment of UHC 2030, that seeks to ensure the IHP+ principles to accelerate equitable and sustainable progress toward UHC through:
    (i)consolidating political momentum;
    (ii)creating a common understanding of HSS and UHC;
    (iii)sharing the common understanding on a minimum set of measurable indicators of HSS and UHC drawing from pre-existing ones; and
    (iv)ensuring accountability by tracking progress toward UHC with these indicators, with possible support of initiatives such as the Roadmap Healthy Systems, Healthy Lives.
  3. Continue to encourage and support the earliest possible establishment of the partnership in consultation with countries, to promote UHC, and to leverage support for health system strengthening in the most vulnerable countries.
  4. Look forward to discussions with the UNSG about the idea of nominating an envoy to promote and catalyze efforts towards UHC across different sectors.
2-1-2. Support for health system strengthening in LICs/LMICs towards UHC
  1. Reaffirm our commitment to the SDGs, to leave no one behind, and to ensure equity by focusing on the needs of vulnerable segments of society, including the poorest and most marginalized populations.
  2. With this in mind and recognizing the pressing need for strong, resilient and sustainable health systems in Low Income Countries(LICs) and Lower Middle Income Countries(LMICs) with limited resources and increased vulnerability to public health threats such as epidemic and other severe events, commit to support country-led HSS with greater use of enhanced coordination of country-level actions toward HSS, based on the IHP+ principles, including through the Country Coordination Mechanism of the Global Fund, as well as the GHSA, and welcome efforts to increase global funding including as intended by the Global Financing Facility for Every Women Every Child (GFF), with active engagement of CSOs.
  3. Support LICs/LMICs’s nationally driven and owned efforts toward HSS which might include the following key contributors for the achievement of UHC with better preparedness for and prevention against emergencies;
    (i)helping the development/adjustment of medium-term national health plans;
    (ii)strengthening policy making and management capacity for disease prevention and health promotion;
    (iii)improving access to affordable, safe, effective, and quality assured, essential medicines, vaccines and technologies to prevent, diagnose and treat medical problems;
    (iv)building a sufficient capacity of motivated and adequately trained health workers;
    (v)improving and strengthening the quality and use of health statistics and information systems including civil registration and vital statistics;
    (vi)promoting access to health services and providing technical support to design health financing strategies to provide financial protection against catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditures, particularly among the poor;
    (vii)assisting LICs/LMICs’ mobilization of their domestic resources, through both public and private sectors, and more efficient health spending as a backbone of sustainable national health system; and
    (viii)monitoring progress towards UHC with measurable indicators and share best practices.
  4. Welcome the global initiatives underway that respond to such urgent need for HSS, including the WHO’s programs, as well as the World Bank’s effort to promote UHC for Africa while stressing the need of coordination with the WHO and other relevant international organizations.
  5. Also fully support a successful 5th replenishment of the Global Fund (GF), which plays a major role in reducing the impact of significant infectious diseases as well as promoting HSS, taking the opportunity of the GF replenishment conference in Montreal in September this year, and also call on all traditional and new donors to support the GF achieve its goals and on all countries to increase their domestic resources for health.
  6. Use and leverage our commitment to offer support to 76 countries in the implementation of the IHR to contribute to resilient and sustainable health systems which are able to respond to public health emergencies.

2-2.  Ensuring of health services to all individuals throughout life-course 

2-2-1. Women, adolescent and children’s health
  1. Based on the progress on the G8 Muskoka Initiative, intensify our efforts to improving maternal, newborn, child, adolescent health worldwide as upheld in the SDGs, with an emphasis on HSS, and also urge increased attention to women and adolescent health and to the overall success of the 2030 Agenda.
  2. Increase attention to the need for an integrated approach to the rights and health of women and girls, and the importance of closing gaps in universal access to physical and mental, as well as to sexual and reproductive health services, including for family planning, information and education.
  3. Recognizing the value of taking needs-based responses to health issues for women of all ages, including newborns, children, adolescents, as well as those in fragile and conflict-affected states and humanitarian settings, commit to:
    (i)provide access to sexual and reproductive health rights and services with a focus on adolescent-friendly services and participation;
    (ii)ensuring adequate nutrition with emphasis on the special needs of infants and children, and pregnant and lactating mothers, with sharing the G7’s best practices; and
    (iii)strengthening the cooperation among the G7’s relevant organizations, making the most of their disaster response experiences and drawing upon the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.
  4. Reaffirm the importance of immunization as one of key cost-effective measures to prevent the spread of infectious disease and address emerging pandemics and to this end:
    (i)continue global efforts to achieve the targets established in the Global Vaccine Action Plan;
    (ii)leverage and use immunization records including information sources such as Maternal and Child Health(MCH) handbooks which highlight the importance of immunization and give guidance to families; and
    (iii)recognize the tremendous progress achieved towards polio eradication where global eradication is now within reach, and reaffirm our commitment to achieve polio eradication targets laid out in the GPEI Endgame Strategic Plan, and recognize the significant contribution that the polio related assets, resources and infrastructure will have on strengthening health systems and advancing UHC.
  5. Galvanize international efforts to combat malnutrition and to hold the rise of obesity and over-weight targeting most vulnerable populations - mothers, children and adolescent girls - and consistent with the WHO Comprehensive Implementation Plan on Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition, including:
    (i)the activities within the Decade of Action on Nutrition 2016-2025 and by various initiatives such as Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN); and
    (ii)the Nutrition for Growth Summit.
  6. Work together with WHO and other relevant international actors in the global efforts to prevent the spread and reduce the impact of Zika virus, taking account scientific consensus that Zika is a cause of microcephaly and other severe fetal brain defects in newborns and is associated with an increase in Guillain-Barre syndrome and other neurological disorders.
  7. Support the work of global partnerships such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Gavi the Vaccine Alliance, the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases, and UHC 2030 building upon IHP+, as well as global initiatives such as the implementation of the Global Strategy for Women’s, Children’s and Adolescents’ Health and the GFF as appropriate.
2-2-2. Promotion of healthy and active ageing
  1. Acknowledge the wide-reaching effects of population ageing, not only on the health and well-being of our populations, but also on local, subnational, national and global economies, and recognize the impacts on older persons and their caregivers of non-communicable diseases, including dementia, as well as mental illness and injuries.
  2. Therefore call for promoting Active Ageing movement both among the G7 and in other parts of the world.
  3. Support the WHO’s efforts to develop and implement the Global Strategy and Action Plan on Aging and Health, and encourage developing countries and transitional countries to make their national and/or regional action plans accordingly.
  4. Recognize that disease prevention and healthy living at all stages of life play a key role in active ageing and that primary prevention starts at the beginning of life.
  5. Pursue multi-sectoral approach to active ageing to reach the highest attainable level of well-being, from health care and long-term care to health promotion, welfare, employment, pension, housing, and urban/transportation planning, with due consideration to gender specific aspects, through such movements as promotion of age-friendly communities and support for communities to become dementia-friendly, including Age and Dementia-friendly Communities, and promoting Dementia Supporters/Friends.
  6. Welcome the forum on active ageing, including national, subnational, and civil society experts, in Japan this year to share knowledge and experiences including any challenges faced and best practices to promote active ageing.
  7. Share knowledge and expertise among and beyond G7 on ways to enhance healthy and active ageing and promote a culture of prevention and health, welcoming the interim report by the WHO and the OECD on their analyses of ways to address challenges related to population ageing.

3.Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

3-1.  Strengthen the multi-sectoral “One Health Approach” and cooperation among countries

  1. Building on the previous commitment of the G7 Elmau Summit and its subsequent Health Ministers’ Meeting as well as the G7 Niigata Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting, promote the One Health Approach to tackle cross-cutting issues of AMR in human and animal health, agriculture food and the environment, and take actions involving multiple sectors, such as by integrating collaboration between the responsible ministries, in line with the 2015 WHO Global Action Plan on AMR adopted and relevant resolutions of FAO and OIE.
  2. Strengthen collaboration and support other countries in developing surveillance capacity for AMR and antibiotic use in humans, animals, foods and the environment and align and/or develop national surveillance systems on AMR in line with the WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS).

3-2. Accelerate political commitment and support to other countries as they develop and implement their own national action plans on AMR

  1. Support the 2016 High-Level Meeting on AMR at the UN General Assembly that promotes effective implementation of the Global Action Plan through multi-sectoral global, regional, national, and community collaborative efforts in coordination with WHO, FAO and OIE, including the GHSA AMR Action Package and the regional high level political commitments such as the EU Ministerial One Health Conference on AMR and the Tokyo Meeting of Health Ministers on AMR in Asia, and encourage effective coordination between the multiple initiatives to fight AMR.
  2. Support WHO in the implementation of the Global Action Plan on AMR, and other countries in the development and implementation of their national action plans on AMR in line with their national health plans.

3-3.  Preserving effectiveness of antimicrobials as a global public good

  1. Recognize effectiveness of antimicrobials as a global public good and prioritize efforts to preserving such effectiveness through appropriate and prudent use of antimicrobials both in humans and animals, and make efforts to:
    (i)enhance sharing of information produced by surveillance and/or R&D to guide policies to preserve such effectiveness;
    (ii)promote regulatory cooperation, as appropriate, for effective and appropriate control of antimicrobial production, prescription, distribution and use both in humans and animals through international collaborations;
    (iii)recognize the importance of social and behavioral sciences for addressing key aspects of AMR, i.e. inappropriate use of antimicrobials, and raise awareness among healthcare providers, patients, veterinarians and animal owners/keepers, and general public;
    (iv)promote international cooperation for preserving effectiveness including supporting development and implementation of national antimicrobial stewardship program; and
    (v)phase out the use of antibiotics for growth promotion in animal husbandry in the absence of risk analysis and preserve the use of antibiotics only for therapeutic reasons in human and veterinary medicine, noting differences in the G7 member definitions of the term antibiotics and referring here to those antibiotics with an impact on human health.
  2. While rationalizing use, ensure access to safe, effective and quality-assured antimicrobials for humans and animals, including by encouraging international discussions on incentivizing the pharmaceutical industry to maintain production of essential antibiotics and avoid unavailability or market withdrawals of existing antibiotics.
  3. Share with the international community, including the G20, the importance of addressing market failure and incentivizing R&D of new antimicrobials, vaccines, diagnostics, and alternative therapeutics, and other medical countermeasures in human and animal health, building on recent scientific studies and reviews on AMR, including the recommendations of the Independent Review on AMR.

3-4.   Improving access to AMR countermeasures

  1. Improve access to effective vaccines, diagnostics, antimicrobials, alternate therapeutics.
  2. Support Infection Prevention and Control such as good hygiene - in particular but not only in LICs and LMICs to reduce healthcare - associated infections and health burden of AMR through appropriate training and technologies, and bilateral or multilateral arrangement.
  3. Promote R&D partnerships, and measure the effectiveness of such interventions of effective vaccines, diagnostics, antimicrobials, alternate therapeutics, and other medical countermeasures as described in 4-1-2.

4.R&D and Innovation

4-1.  R&D and innovation on addressing diseases that are needed but not market- driven

4-1-1. Promote collaborations among countries

Shedding light on diseases that require further R&D improvements, particularly for conditions not adequately addressed by the market, including Poverty-Related Infectious Diseases (PRDs) and Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs):

  1. Implement policies to encourage the development of and access to medical products for those diseases.
  2. Encourage G7 countries to support “push (e.g. support to cover R&D cost)” and “pull (e.g. making advance purchase and support creating markets/demands)” incentives, promote well-coordinated Public-Private Partnership to develop new drugs and alternative therapies as exemplified by the Global Health Innovative Technology Fund (GHIT) and the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI).
  3. Work to strengthen collaboration between research institutions, funding organizations and policy makers across G7 countries, building on the G7-process for mapping of R&D activities on NTDs and PRDs initiated in 2015 and now underway in 2016.
  4. Encourage regulatory cooperation on pharmaceutical products by participation in bodies that develop harmonized standards such as the International Council on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and International Council on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH).
4-1-2. Promote R&D on AMR
  1. Promote R&D to combat AMR, such as through “pull” incentives to address specific market failures and funding for basic and applied research and development of new vaccines, diagnostics, antimicrobials, alternative therapeutics as well as IPC, other behavioral interventions, and antimicrobial stewardship programs.
  2. Leverage existing global research coordination initiatives such as the Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance (JPIAMR).
  3. Examine efforts to promote globally harmonized clinical trials to support development of antimicrobials, diagnostics and other countermeasures, especially those against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens and infections, also by involving large clinical research infrastructure for the design, coordination and conduct of clinical trials and studies.
  4. Promote regulatory cooperation on drugs to facilitate for new antimicrobial development.

4-2.  Accelerate R&D such as testing and manufacturing and distribution of medical products for public health emergencies

  1. Acknowledge the importance of ensuring mechanisms to accelerate R&D in public health emergencies, and welcome the action to prevent epidemics such as WHO Blueprint, discussions at Global Health Security Initiative and Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R).
  2. Explore the feasibility of partnerships such as the Vaccine Innovation for Pandemic Preparedness Partnership to conduct a coordinated vaccine research and development.
  3. Promote scientifically robust clinical trials on emerging infectious diseases for rapid research responses in cases of outbreak.

4-3.  R&D and innovation for the Active Ageing

  1. Recognize the importance of R&D promoting healthy ageing across the life course, enabling people to age in the setting of their choice and improving quality of life for the elderly, including those living with dementia.
  2. In this relation, recognize the importance to:
    (i)promote sustained research and international collaboration addressing fundamental aspects of brain functions, including brain disorders such as dementia, through mapping of R&D programs, and furthermore accelerate international interdisciplinary research efforts and develop new technologies;
    (ii)promote open science and sharing of the results of publicly funded research e.g. data and publications in the field of brain science linked to age-related problems;
    (iii)encourage mutual learning by sharing good practices on active ageing aimed at keeping the elderly socially active and reducing the burden on family and society through integrating social science research with medical care, ICT, and robotics assistance;
    (iv)develop, test and scale up of products and services for early detection and treatment and management.

4-4.   Further R&D and innovation in the health area

  1. Affirm the importance of further enabling the use of health data with view to building evidences and accelerating health science and innovation, the need to develop digital infrastructure and approaches to increasing access, while protecting confidentiality and other legal and ethical constraints, and the benefits of sharing the G7’s efforts and experiences towards this end.
  2. Recognize the rising challenges of promoting a positive environment for innovative research and development, encouraging access to medicines and health care, and ensuring the sustainability of health systems, and welcome an exchange of views on these issues at the upcoming G-7 Health Ministers' meeting, recognizing the uniqueness of national circumstances, priorities, and health system designs.
  3. Acknowledge negative impact of medicine trafficking and counterfeiting on patients’ safety and on R&D investments.
  4. Welcome broader international efforts by public, private, philanthropic, and UN-affiliated organizations through innovative measures and projects to combat infectious diseases and control key disease vectors such as mosquitoes, including through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)’s peaceful applications of nuclear science and technologies.

日本語仮訳（381KB）このリンクは別ウィンドウで開きます

WHO大臣級会合におけるアクションの呼びかけ（Call for Action）

Adopted on 17 MARCH 2015 at 15:00

CALL FOR ACTION
by the participants of the First WHO Ministerial Conference on Global Action Against Dementia (Geneva, 16-17 March 2015)

We, the participants of this Conference, note the following:

  1. Dementia currently affects more than 47 million people worldwide, with more than 75 million people estimated to be living with dementia by 2030. The number is expected to triple by 2050. It is one of the major health challenges for our generation. Often hidden, misunderstood and underreported, dementia impacts individuals, families and communities and is a growing cause of disability.
  2. Contrary to popular belief, dementia is not a natural or inevitable consequence of ageing. It is a condition that impairs the cognitive brain functions of memory, language, perception and thought and which interferes significantly with the ability to maintain the activities of daily living. The most common types of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Evidence suggest that the risk of certain types of dementia may be lowered by reducing cardiovascular risk factors, as applicable.
  3. The personal, social and economic consequences of dementia are enormous. Dementia leads to increased long-term care costs for governments, communities, families and individuals, and to productivity loss for economies. The global cost of dementia care in 2010 was estimated to be US $604 billion – 1.0% of global gross domestic product. By 2030, the cost of caring for people with dementia worldwide could be an estimated US $1.2 trillion or more, which could undermine social and economic development throughout the world.
  4. Nearly 60% of people with dementia live in low- and middle-income countries, and this proportion is expected to increase rapidly during the next decade, which may contribute to increasing inequalities between countries and populations.
  5. A sustained global effort is thus required to promote action against dementia and address the challenges posed by dementia and its impacts. No single country, sector or organization can tackle this alone.
  6. The following overarching principles and approaches are integral to global efforts:

We, the participants of this Conference, call for the following actions for people living with dementia, their caregivers, families and community:

日本語仮訳（177KB）このリンクは別ウィンドウで開きます